Emulsions

ABSTRACT

An oil-in-water emulsion comprising 
     (A) from about 50 to about 99% by weight of water; 
     (B) from about 1 to about 30% by weight of an oil phase; and 
     (C) an emulsifying effective quantity of an emulsifier system consisting essentially of 
     (i) at least one nonionic emulsifier of formula (I): 
     
         Z.sub.x R.sup.1 (R.sup.2 --CO).sub.y G.sub.z               (I) 
    
      in which Z is a sugar unit selected from the group consisting of pentoses and hexoses, x is a number of 1 to 5, R 1  is a saturated alkyl radical containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R 2  is a linear or branched alkyl radical or mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, y is the number 1 or 2, G is a polyglycerol residue consisting of 2 to 10 glycerol units and z is the number 1 or 2, and 
     (ii) at least one ionic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of cationic and anionic emulsifiers.

This application is a 371 of PCT/EP95/00533 filed Feb. 14, 1995.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to oil-in-water emulsions containing specialemulsifier combinations.

2. Statement of Related Art

Many compositions are now being formulated as oil-in-water emulsions.Accordingly, they generally consist of water, oil component(s),emulsifier(s) and a number of components required for the particularapplication envisaged. In addition, it is standard practice to adjustthe physical properties and appearance of the emulsions as required byincorporating corresponding auxiliaries, for example thickeners.

For various reasons, it is nowadays an objective to simplify theformulations of such oil-in-water emulsions, i.e. to formulate thedesired products with a smaller number of components. On the one hand,this has economic advantages and, on the other hand, can reduce the riskin other fields of application, for example cosmetics and pharmaceuticalproducts, of sensitive people and people with allergies experiencingproblems with individual components of the preparation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It has now been found that oil-in-water emulsions with outstandingproperties can be obtained by using special emulsifier combinations. Itis surprising that, in many cases, these emulsions can be formulatedwithout certain components, for example special thickeners, despitetheir high water content. In addition, the emulsifiers need only be usedin small quantities in many cases, i.e. in quantities below 1% byweight, based on the emulsion.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to an oil-in-water emulsioncontaining 50 to 99% by weight of water and 1 to 30% by weight of oilphase, characterized in that it contains an emulsifier system (E) whichconsists of

(A) a nonionic emulsifier corresponding to formula (I):

    Z.sub.x R.sup.1 (R.sup.2 --CO).sub.y G.sub.z               (I)

In which Z is a sugar unit selected from pentoses and hexoses, x is anumber of 1 to 5, R¹ is a saturated alkyl radical containing 1 to 3carbon atoms, R² is a linear or branched alkyl radical or mono- orpolyunsaturated alkenyl radical containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, y isthe number 1 or 2, G is a polyglycerol residue consisting of 2 to 10glycerol units and z is the number 1 or 2, and

(B) an ionic emulsifier selected from the group of cationic and anionicemulsifiers.

The nonionic emulsifiers (A) consist of structural elements obtainedfrom natural renewable raw materials. They are therefore readilybiodegradable and have advantageous ecological properties and thus meetthe need to formulate products on the basis of renewable natural rawmaterials.

The core structural element of the emulsifiers (A) is a sugar unitselected from the hexoses and pentoses. Corresponding sugars are, forexample, glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose, ribose, xylose,lyxose, allose, altrose, mannose, gulose, idose, talose and sucrose.Preferred sugar units are glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose andsucrose, glucose being particularly preferred. Although the hexoses andpentoses themselves are preferred structural units, it is also possiblein accordance with the invention, if desired, to use emulsifiers (E)which contain corresponding oligosaccharides as their core structuralunit. In such a case, the oligosaccharides are preferably composed ofthe same basic structural units. The oligosaccharides should be made upof at most 5 sugar units.

The sugar units are etherified with the alkyl radical of a short-chainalcohol and esterified with one or two long-chain, saturated orunsaturated fatty acids. The short-chain alkyl radical may be, inparticular, the methyl radical or the ethyl radical. The methyl ethersare most particularly preferred. Suitable long-chain radicals R² arelinear or branched alkyl radicals or mon- or polyunsaturated alkenylradicals containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferred radicals are thosewhich may be obtained from renewable raw materials, such as fats oroils. Radicals with chain lengths of 10 to 18 carbon atoms areparticularly preferred. Groups R² --CO derived, for example, fromlauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic or linolenic acidare preferred. Palmitoyl, oleoyl and, in particular, stearoyl groups areparticularly preferred groups R² --CO. In another preferred embodiment,the emulsifiers (A) contain two acyl groups R² --CO, more especially twoidentical acyl groups R² --CO. Mixtures of fatty alcohols obtained inthe reduction of standard fats or oils, for example coconut oil, tallow,etc., may also be used for the production of the emulsifiers. In thiscase, R² may even represent a corresponding mixture of fatty alkylradicals. Finally, the sugar units are etherified with one or twopolyglycerol residues each consisting of 2 to 10 glycerol units and,more particularly, 2 to 5 glycerol units.

The ionic emulsifier (B) may be a cationic emulsifier or an anionicemulsifier.

Anionic emulsifiers are characterized by a water-solubilizing anionicgroup such as, for example, a carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate orphosphate group and a lipophilic alkyl group containing around 10 to 22carbon atoms. In addition, glycol or polyglycol ether groups, ester,ether and amide groups and also hydroxyl groups may be present in themolecule. The following are examples of suitable anionic emulsifiers--inthe form of their sodium, potassium, magnesium and ammonium salts andalso their mono-, di- and trialkanolammonium salts with 2 or 3 carbonatoms in the alkanol group:

linear fatty acids containing 10 to 22 carbon atoms (soaps),

ether carboxylic acids corresponding to the formula R--O--(CH₂ --CH₂O)_(x) --CH₂ --COOH, in which R is a linear alkyl group containing 10 to22 carbon atoms and x=0 or 1 to 16,

acyl sarcosides containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group,

acyl taurides containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group,

acyl isethionates containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group,

sulfosuccinic acid mono- and dialkyl esters containing 8 to 18 carbonatoms in the alkyl group and sulfosuccinic acid monoalkylpolyhydroxyethyl esters containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkylgroup and 1 to 6 hydroxyethyl groups,

linear alkanesulfonates containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms,

linear α-olefin sulfonates containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms,

α-sulfofatty acid methyl esters of fatty acids containing 12 to 18carbon atoms,

alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates corresponding to theformula R--O(CH₂ --CH₂ O)_(x) --OSO₃ H, in which R is a preferablylinear alkyl group containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms and x=0 or 1 to 12,

mixtures of surface-active hydroxysulfonates according to DE-A-37 25030,

sulfated hydroxyalkyl polyethylene and/or hydroxyalkylene propyleneglycol ethers according to DE-A-37 23 354,

sulfonates of unsaturated fatty acids containing 12 to 24 carbon atomsand 1 to 6 double bonds according to DE-A-39 26 344,

esters of tartaric acid and citric acid with alcohols in the form ofadducts of around 2 to 15 molecules of ethylene oxide and/or propyleneoxide with fatty alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

Preferred anionic emulsifiers are alkyl sulfates, alkyl polyglycol ethersulfates and ether carboxylic acids containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms inthe alkyl group and up to 12 glycol ether groups in the molecule.

The compounds containing alkyl groups used as ionic emulsifiers may beindividual substances. In general, however, it is preferred to usenative vegetable or animal raw materials in the production of thesesubstances so that mixtures with different alkyl chain lengths,depending on the particular raw material, are obtained.

In the case of the ionic emulsifiers representing adducts of ethyleneand/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols or derivatives of theseadducts, it is possible to use both products with a "normal" homologdistribution and those with a narrow homolog distribution. By "normal"homolog distribution are meant mixtures of homologs which are obtainedin the reaction of fatty alcohol and alkylene oxide using alkali metals,alkali metal hydroxides or alkali metal alcoholates as catalysts. Bycontrast, narrow homolog distributions are obtained when, for example,hydrotalcites, alkaline earth metal salts of ether carboxylic acids,alkaline earth metal oxides, hydroxides or alcoholates are used ascatalysts. It can be of advantage to use products with a narrow homologdistribution ("narrow-range" products).

Examples of cationic emulsifiers suitable for use in accordance with theinvention are, in particular, quaternary ammonium compounds. Preferredcationic emulsifiers are ammonium halides, more especially chlorides andbromides, such as alkyl trimethylammonium chlorides, dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides and trialkyl methylammonium chlorides, forexample cetyl trimethylammonium chloride, stearyl trimethylammoniumchloride, distearyl dimethylammonium chloride, lauryl dimethylammoniumchloride, lauryl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride and tricetylmethylammonium chloride. Other cationic emulsifiers which may be used inaccordance with the invention are the quaternized protein hydrolyzatesor protein hydrolyzates derivatized with amino groups which aremarketed, for example, under the names Lamequat® and Mackpro®.

Alkylamidoamines, more especially fatty acid amidoamines, such as thestearyl amidopropyl dimethylamine commercially available as Amid®S 18,are distinguished in particular by their ready biodegradability.

The readily degradable quaternary ester compounds, so-called"esterquats", such as the dialkylammonium methosulfates and methylhydroxyalkyl dialkoylhydroxyalkyl ammonium methosulfates marketed asStepantex® and Dehyquart®, for exampleN-methyl-N,N-bis-(acylhydroxyethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ammoniummethosulfate, and the isostearamidopropyl morpholine lactate marketed asMackalene®, may also be used in accordance with the invention.

Finally, cationic silicone oils are also suitable for the purposes ofthe invention. These include, for example, the commercially availableproducts Q2-7224 (manufacturer: Dow Corning; a stabilized trimethylsilylamodimethicone), Dow Corning 929 Emulsion (containing ahydroxylamino-modified silicone which is also known as Amodimethicone),SM-2059 (manufacturer: General Electric), SLM-55067 (manufacturer:Wacker) and Abil®-Quat 3270 and 7232 (manufacturer: Th. Goldschmidt;diquaternary polydimethyl siloxanes, Quaternium-80).

One example of a quaternary sugar derivative suitable for use as acationic emulsifier is the commercial product Glucquat®100 which bearsthe CTFA name of Lauryl Methyl Gluceth-10 Hydroxypropyl DimoniumChloride.

Particularly preferred cationic emulsifiers are quaternary ammoniumsalts, alkyl amidoamines and quaternary ester compounds.

The nonionic emulsifiers (A) are present in the oil-in-water emulsionsaccording to the invention in quantities of, preferably, 0.01 to 2.5% byweight and, more preferably, 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, based on theemulsion as a whole.

When the ionic emulsifiers (B) are anionic emulsifiers, they arepreferably present in quantities of 0.1 to 10% by weight and, morepreferably, in quantities of 0.5 to 5% by weight, again based on theemulsion as a whole.

When the ionic emulsifiers (B) are cationic emulsifiers, they arepresent in quantities of, preferably, 0.1 to 2% by weight and, morepreferably, 0.4 to 0.8% by weight, again based on the emulsion as awhole.

Another compulsory component is the oil phase which is present in theemulsions according to the invention in quantities of 1 to 30% by weightand, more particularly, 1 to 15% by weight, based on the emulsion as awhole.

Suitable oils are, for example,

mono-, di- and triglycerides and mixtures thereof,

paraffin oils,

fatty alcohols,

fatty alkyl alkanolamides,

silicone oils,

esters of fatty acids with lower alcohols,

esters of fatty acids with fatty alcohols and

dialkyl ethers containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.

The emulsions according to the invention may be used as a base forcosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. This emulsion base has provedto be of particular advantage for the formulation of skin treatment andhair treatment preparations. These preparations are distinguished by arich appearance and by very good flow behavior. Their viscosity may beadjusted to the required values with only comparatively small quantitiesof emulsifier.

These preparations may contain any of the active substances, auxiliariesand additives known to the expert which are described in detail in themonographs known to the expert (for example K. Schrader, Grundlagen undRezepturen der Kosmetik, Huithig Buchverlag, Heidelberg). For hairtreatment preparations, these active substances, auxiliaries andadditives are, for example,

zwitterionic surfactants, for example betaines,

ampholytic surfactants,

nonionic surfactants, for example alkyl polyglycosides and ethoxylatedfatty alcohols,

cationic polymers, such as quaternized cellulose ethers, polysiloxanescontaining quaternary groups, dimethyl diallylammonium chloridepolymers, acrylamide dimethyl diallylammonium chloride copolymers,dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate/vinyl pyrrolidone copolymersquaternized with diethyl sulfate, vinyl pyrrolidone/methoimidazoliniumchloride copolymers and quaternized polyvinyl alcohol,

anionic polymers such as, for example, vinyl acetate/crotonic acidcopolymers, vinyl acetate/butyl maleate/isobornyl acrylate copolymers,methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers and esters thereof andalso uncrosslinked and polyol-crosslinked polyacrylic acids,

zwitterionic and amphoteric polymers such as, for example,acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride/acrylate copolymers, octylacrylamide/methyl methacrylate/tert.butyl aminoethylmethacrylate/2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymers,

nonionic polymers such as, for example, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers and cellulose ethers,

structurants such as glucose and maleic acid,

hair-conditioning compounds, such as phospholipids, for example soyalecithin, egg lecithin and kephalins, and silicone oils,

protein hydrolyzates, more especially elastin, collagen, keratin, milkprotein, soya protein and wheat protein hydrolyzates, condensatesthereof with fatty acids,

perfume oils, dimethyl isosorbide and cyclodextrins,

solubilizers, such as ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propyleneglycol, glycerol and diethylene glycol,

dyes,

anti-dandruff agents, such as Piroctone Olamine and Zinc Omadine,

other substances for adjusting the pH value,

active substances, such as panthenol, allantoin, pyrrolidone carboxylicacids and salts thereof, vegetable extracts and vitamins,

light stabilizers,

consistency regulators, such as sugar esters, polyol esters and polyolalkyl ethers,

waxes, such as spermaceti, beeswax and montan wax,

complexing agents, such as EDTA, NTA and phosphonic acids,

swelling agents and penetration agents, such as glycerol, propyleneglycol monoethyl ether, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, guanidines,ureas and primary, secondary and tertiary phosphates,

opacifiers, such as latex,

pearlescers, such as ethylene glycol mono- and distearate,

propellents, such as propane-butane mixtures, N₂ O, dimethyl ether, CO₂and air and

antioxidants,

substantive dyes,

so-called primary and secondary intermediates as oxidation dyeprecursors,

reducing agents, for example thioglycolic acid and derivatives thereof,thiolactic acid, cysteamine, thiomalic acid and α-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid,

oxidizing agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, potassium bromate andsodium bromate.

The hair treatment preparations according to the invention arepreferably rinses, shampoos and tonics. However, the combination ofactive substances according to the invention may also be used in otherhair treatment preparations, for example coloring and tinting shampoosor creams, hair colorants, and in permanent waving.

The hair treatment preparations according to the invention may remain onthe hair or may be removed from the hair after a certain contact timeof, generally, a few seconds to around 20 minutes.

Accordingly, the present invention also relates to the use of theoil-in-water emulsion according to the invention for the treatment ofskin and/or hair.

The following Examples are intended to illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLES

1. Investigations into the Formation and Properties of Emulsions

The following components were used:

Fats or oils:

F1: paraffin oil perliquidum

F2: Cutina® GMS¹

F3: Lanette® 16²

Emulsifiers:

A1: Tego® Care 450³

AV: Aminol® N⁴ (for comparison)

B1: Dehyquart®A⁵

B2: Tego®Amid S 18⁶

B3: Mackalene® 426⁷

B4: Texapon® N 25⁸

The results obtained are set out in Table 1:

                                      TABLE 1                                     __________________________________________________________________________     Quantities in Parts by Weight!                                               Component/mixture                                                                      C1                                                                              C2                                                                              B1  C3                                                                              C4   B2   C5 C6  B3   C7                                                                              C8                                 __________________________________________________________________________    Fat/Oil:                                                                      F1       3.0                                                                             3.0                                                                             3.0 --                                                                              --   --   -- --  --   --                                                                              --                                 F2       --                                                                              --                                                                              --  3.0                                                                             3.0  3.0  -- --  --   --                                                                              --                                 F3       --                                                                              --                                                                              --  --                                                                              --   --   3.0                                                                              3.0 3.0  3.0                                                                             3.0                                Emulsifiers:                                                                  A1       0.2                                                                             --                                                                              0.1 0.2                                                                             --   0.1  0.2                                                                              --  0.1  --                                                                              --                                 AV       --                                                                              --                                                                              --  --                                                                              --   --   -- --  --   0.2                                                                             0.1                                B1       --                                                                              0.8                                                                             0.4 --                                                                              0.8  0.4  -- 0.8 0.4  --                                                                              0.4                                B2       --                                                                              --                                                                              --  --                                                                              --   --   -- --  --   --                                                                              --                                 B3       --                                                                              --                                                                              --  --                                                                              --   --   -- --  --   --                                                                              --                                 B4       --                                                                              --                                                                              --  --                                                                              --   --   -- --  --   --                                                                              --                                 Water    <--------------------ad 100 ------------------>                      Emulsion No                                                                              No                                                                              Yes No                                                                              Yes  Yes  Pe*                                                                              Yes Yes  No                                                                              Pe*                                t.sub.o  mPas!.sup.a                                                                   --                                                                              --                                                                              200 --                                                                              1200 1800 -- 200 400  --                                                                              --                                 t.sub.1  mPas!.sup.b                                                                   --                                                                              --                                                                              500 --                                                                              2100 2700 -- 400 1000 --                                                                              --                                 __________________________________________________________________________    Component/mixture                                                                      C9 C10  B4   C11                                                                              B5  C12                                                                              B6  C13  B7                                   __________________________________________________________________________    Fat/Oil:                                                                      F1       -- --   --   -- --  -- --  --   --                                   F2       1.5                                                                              1.5  1.5  -- --  -- --  --   --                                   F3       1.5                                                                              1.5  1.5  3.0                                                                              3.0 3.0                                                                              3.0 3.0  3.0                                  Emulsifiers:                                                                  A1       0.2                                                                              --   0.1  -- 0.1 -- 0.1 --   0.1                                  AV       -- --   --   -- --  -- --  --   --                                   B1       -- 0.8  0.4  -- --  -- --  --   --                                   B2       -- --   --   0.2                                                                              0.1 -- --  --   --                                   B3       -- --   --   -- --  0.8                                                                              0.4 --   --                                   B4       -- --   --   -- --  -- --  0.8  0.4                                  Water    <--------------------ad 100 -------------------->                    Emulsion No Yes  Yes  Pe*                                                                              Yes Pe*                                                                              Yes Yes  Yes                                  t.sub.o  mPas!.sup.a                                                                   -- 600  900  -- 500 -- 200 800  1200                                 t.sub.1  mPas!.sup.b                                                                   -- 1100 1500 -- 800 -- --  2400 2900                                 __________________________________________________________________________     .sup.a Viscosity immediately after preparation, as measured with a            Brookfield type RVF viscosimeter, spindle 4, 10 r.p.m.                        .sup.B Viscosity after 24 h, as measured with a Brookfield type RVF           viscosimeter, spindle 4, 20 r.p.m.                                            *Partly emulsified                                                       

2. Application Examples

All quantities are in parts by weight.

    ______________________________________                                        2.1. Hair Tonic                                                               Cutina ®GMS    0.3                                                        Lanette ® 16   4.8                                                        Paraffin oil perliq.                                                                             3.9                                                        Cetiol ®OE.sup.9                                                                             0.2                                                        Tego Care ®450 0.4                                                        Dehyquart °A                                                                              3.0                                                        Dehyquart ®AU 46.sup.10                                                                      1.0                                                        Luvisko ®K 30.sup.11                                                                         1.0                                                        Lamequat ®L.sup.12                                                                           0.3                                                        Culminal ® MHPC 3000.sup.13                                                                  0.6                                                        Preservative       q.s.                                                       Water              ad 100                                                     2.2. Cleaning Milk                                                            Lanette ®16    3.0                                                        Cetiol ®SN.sup.14                                                                            2.5                                                        Texapon ®N 25.sup.15                                                                         15.0                                                       Plantaren ®1200 UP.sup.16                                                                    3.0                                                        Tego Care ®450 0.15                                                       Myritol ®318.sup.17                                                                          1.8                                                        Proteol ®VS 22.sup.18                                                                        2.0                                                        Preservative       q.s.                                                       Water              ad 100                                                     2.3. Hair Rinse                                                               Lanette ®16    3.0                                                        TegoAmid ®S 18.sup.19                                                                        1.2                                                        Dehyquart ®AU 46                                                                             0.5                                                        Tego Care ®450 0.2                                                        Natrosol ®250 HR.sup.20                                                                      0.7                                                        Citric acid        0.2                                                        Preservative       q.s.                                                       Water              ad 100                                                     ______________________________________                                         .sup.9 Dioctyl ether (CTFA name: Dicapryl Ether) (HENKEL)                     .sup.10 NMethyl-N,N-bis-(acylhydroxyethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ammonium        methosulfate (approximately 90% of active substance in isopropanol)           (HENKEL)                                                                      .sup.11 Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (CTFA name: PVP) (BASF)                         .sup.12 Cationized collagen hydrolyzate (approximately 35% of active          substance; CTFA name: Lauryldimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Collagen)       (HENKEL)                                                                      .sup.13 Methylhydroxypropyl cellulose (AQUALON)                               .sup.14 Cetostearyl isononanoate (CTFA name: Cetearyl Isononanoate)           (HENKEL)                                                                      .sup.15 Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (approximately 28% of active              substance; CTFA name: Sodium Laureth Sulfate) (HENKEL)                        .sup.16 C.sub.12-16 Alkyl glucoside with a degree of oligomerization of       1.4 (approximately 50% of active substance; CTFA name: Lauryl Polyglycose     (HENKEL)                                                                      .sup.17 Fatty acid triglyceride (CTFA name: Caprylic Capric Triglyceride)     (HENKEL)                                                                      .sup.18 Soya protein hydrolyzate cocofatty acid sodium salt (approximatel     22% of active substance; CTFA name: Sodium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Soy Protein)     (SEPPIC)                                                                      .sup.19 N,NDimethyl-Nstearoyl-1,3-diaminopropane (CTFA name:                  Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamin) (GOLDSCHMIDT)                                  .sup.20 Hydroxyethyl cellulose (AQUALON)                                 

We claim:
 1. An oil-in-water emulsion consisting essentially of(A) from about 50 to about 99% by weight of water; (B) from about 1 to about 30% by weight of an oil phase; and (C) an emulsifying effective quantity of an emulsifier system consisting essentially of(i) at least one nonionic emulsifier of formula (I):

    Z.sub.x R.sup.1 (R.sup.2 --CO).sub.y G.sub.z               (I)

in which Z is a sugar unit selected from the group consisting of pentoses and hexoses, x is a number of 1 to 5, R¹ is a saturated alkyl radical containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R² is a linear or branched alkyl radical or mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, y is the number 1 or 2, G is a polyglycerol residue consisting of 2 to 10 glycerol units and z is the number 1 or 2, and (ii) at least one ionic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of cationic and anionic emulsifiers.
 2. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(ii) is at least one cationic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds, alkylamidoamines and quaternary ester compounds.
 3. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 2 wherein in component (C)(i), Z is glucose, x=1, R¹ is a methyl group, R² is a linear or branched alkyl radical or mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms, y=2 and G_(z) is a polyglycerol residue consisting of from 2 to 5 glycerol units.
 4. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(ii) is at least one anionic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of fatty alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates, fatty alkyl sulfates and fatty alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylates.
 5. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 4 wherein in component (C)(i), Z is glucose, x=1, R¹ is a methyl group, R² is a linear or branched alkyl radical or mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms, y=2 and G_(z) is a polyglycerol residue consisting of from 2 to 5 glycerol units.
 6. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 1 wherein in component (C)(i), Z is glucose, x=1, R¹ is a methyl group, R² is a linear or branched alkyl radical or mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms, y=2 and G_(z) is a polyglycerol residue consisting of from 2 to 5 glycerol units.
 7. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 1 wherein in component (C)(i), z is the sugar unit selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose and sucrose.
 8. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 7 wherein in component (C)(i), R¹ is methyl or ethyl.
 9. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 8 wherein in component (C)(i), R² contains from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
 10. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 9 wherein in component (C)(i), G consists of from 2 to 5 glycerol units.
 11. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(i) is present in from about 0.05 to about 1.0% by weight.
 12. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 1 wherein when component (C)(ii) is a cationic emulsifier, it is present in from about 0.4 to about 0.8% by weight, based on the weight of the emulsion, and when component (C)(ii) is an anionic emulsifier, it is present in from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the emulsion.
 13. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (B) is at least one oil selected from the group consisting ofmono-, di- and triglycerides and mixtures thereof, paraffin oils, fatty alcohols, fatty alkyl alkanolamides, silicone oils, esters of fatty acids with lower alcohols, esters of fatty acids with fatty alcohols, and dialkyl ethers containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
 14. The oil-in-water emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (B) is present in from about 1 to about 15% by weight.
 15. In a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition, the improvement wherein the oil-in-water emulsion of claim 1 is present therein.
 16. The composition of claim 15 wherein the composition is a cosmetic formulation for the treatment of hair and/or skin.
 17. A method for the treatment of hair and/or skin comprising applying thereto the composition of claim
 15. 